RECOVERY LAW

Recovery Law In India

INTRODUCTION

    To recover a debt or an amount which is given as loan or amount due to bill of exchange is a valid amount in the eyes of law with proper documentation as per Law.  When someone refused to repay the amount, bearer has only option to seek help of the court to get relief. In these circumstances a civil recovery suit may be filled after given a legal notice.

PLACE OF INSTITUTION OF SUIT:

Suit can be instituted at the place where:

  1. the Defendant resides; or
  2. Place where he carries on business or personally works for gain; or
  3. the cause of action wholly or partly arises.

PECUNIARY JURISDICTION:

After determining the territorial jurisdiction, the pecuniary jurisdiction is required to be determined by the plaintiff while filling the suit.

LIMITATION:

 A suit may institute within 3 years of arising out of cause of action.

A Recovery suit may be classified as follows:-

  1. SUMMARY SUIT (ORDER 37 CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE)

The framer of the law introduce this procedure just to by pass the undue delay by the defendant who has no valid ground to defend his case. The summary suit is filled as per order 37 civil procedure code, 1908 which read as follows:

       ORDER XXXVII-SUMMARY PROCEDURE

  1. Courts And Classes Of Suits To Which The Order Is To Apply—

           (1) This Order shall apply to the following Court, namely:— (a) High Courts, City Civil Courts and Courts of Small Causes; and (b) other Courts; Provided that in respect of the Courts referred to in clause (b), the High Court may, by notification in the Official Gazette, restrict the operation of this Order only to such categories of suits as it deems proper, and may also, from time to time, as the circumstances of the case may require, by subsequent notification in the Official Gazette, further restrict, enlarge or vary, the categories of suits to be brought under the operation of this Order as it deems proper.

 

              (2) Subject to the provisions of sub-rule (1) the Order applies to the following classes of suits, namely:—

(a) suits upon bills of exchange, hundies and promissory notes;

(b) suits in which the plaintiff seeks only to recover a debt or liquidated demand in money payable by the defendant, with or without interest, arising,— (i) on a written contract, or (ii) on an enactment, where the sum sought to be recovered is a fixed sum of money or in the nature of a debt other than a penalty; or (iii) on a guarantee, where the claim against the principal is in respect of a debt or liquidated demand only.]

 

  1. INSTITUTION OF SUMMARY SUITS—

(1) A suit, to which this Order applies, may if the plaintiff desires to proceed hereunder, be instituted by presenting a plaint which shall contain,—

(a) a specific averment to the effect that the suit is filed under this Order;

(b) that no relief, which does not fall within the ambit of this rule, has been claimed in the plaint;

(c) the following inscription, immediately below the number of the suit in the title of the suit, namely: — “(Under Order XXXVII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1907).”

(2) the summons of the suit shall be in Form No. 4 in Appendix B or in such other form as may, from time to time, be prescribed.

(3) The defendant shall not defend the suit referred to in sub- rule (1) unless he enters an appearance and in default of his entering an appearance the allegations in the plaint shall be deemed to be admitted and the plaintiff shall entitled to a decree for any sum, not exceeding the sum mentioned in the summons, together with interest at the rate specified, if any, up to the date of the decree and such sum for costs as may be determined by the High Court from time to time by rules made in that behalf and such decree may be executed forthwith.

 

  1. PROCEDURE FOR THE APPEARANCE OF DEFENDANT—

(1) In a suit to which this Order applies, the plaintiff shall, together with the summons under rule 2, serve on the defendant a copy of the plaint and annexures thereto and the defendant may, at any time within ten days of such service, enter an appearance either in person or by pleader and, in either case, he shall file in Court an address for service of notices on him.

(2) Unless otherwise order, all summonses, notices and other judicial processes, required to be served on the defendant, shall deemed to have been duly served on him if they are left at the address given by him for such service.

(3) On the day of entering the appearance, notice of such appearance shall be given by the defendant to the plaintiff’s pleader, or, if the plaintiff sues in person, to the plaintiff himself, either by notice delivered at or sent by pre-said letter directed to the address of the plaintiff’s pleader or of the plaintiff, as the case may be.

(4) If the defendant enters an appearance, the plaintiff shall thereafter serve on the defendant a summons for judgment in Form No. 4A in Appendix B for such other Form as may be prescribed from time to time, returnable not less than ten days from the date of service supported by an affidavit verifying the cause of action and the amount claimed and stating that in his belief there is no defence to the suit.

(5) The defendant may, at any time within ten days from service of such summons for judgment, by affidavit or otherwise disclosing such facts as may be deemed sufficient to entitle him to defend, apply on such summons for leave to defend such suit, and leave to defend may be granted to him unconditionally or upon such terms as may appear to the Court or Judge to be just: Provided that leave to defend shall not be refused unless the Court is satisfied that the facts disclosed by the defendant do not indicate that he has a substantial defence to raise or that the defence intended to be put up by the defendant is frivolous or vexatious: Provided further that, where a part of the amount claimed by the plaintiff is admitted by the defendant to be due from him, leave to defend the suit shall not be granted unless the amount so admitted to be due is deposited by the defendant in Court.

(6) At the hearing of such summons for judgment,— (a) if the defendant has not applied for leave to defend, or if such application has been made and is refused, the plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment forthwith; or (b) if the defendant is permitted to defend as to the whole or any part of the claim, the Court or Judge may direct him to give such security and within such time as may be fixed by the Court or Judge and that, on failure to give such security with the time specified by the Court or Judge or to carry out such other directions as may have been given by the Court or judge, the plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment forthwith.

(7) The Court or Judge may, for sufficient cause shown by the defendant, execute the delay of the defendant in entering an appearance or in applying for leave to defend the suit.]

  1. POWER TO SET ASIDE DECREE—

                After decree for the Court may, under special circumstances set aside the decree, and if necessary stay or set aside execution, and may give leave to the defendant to appear to the summons and to defend the suit, if it seems reasonable to the Court so to do, and on such terms as the Court thinks fit.

 

  1. POWER TO ORDER BILL, ETC., TO BE DEPOSITED WITH OFFICER OF COURT—

              In any proceeding under this Order the Court may order the bill, hundi or note on which the suit is founded to be forthwith deposited with an officer of the Court, and may further order that all proceedings shall be stayed until the plaintiff gives security for the costs thereof.

  1. RECOVERY OF COST OF NOTING NON-ACCEPTANCE OF DISHONOURED BILL OR NOTE—

            The holder of every dishonoured bill of exchange or promissory note shall have the same remedies for the recovery of the expenses incurred in noting the same for non-acceptance or non-payment otherwise, by reason of such dishonour, as he has under this Order for the recovery of the amount of such bill or note.

  1. PROCEDURE IN SUITS—

           Save as provided by this Order, the procedure in suits hereunder shall be the same as the procedure in suits instituted in the ordinary manner.

Above discussion is clearly indicated that a summary suit when may filled, who may filled etc.

 

  1. ORDINARY CIVIL RECOVERY SUIT:(Order 4 Cpc)

An ordinary suit may instated as per order 4 cpc which as follows:-

INSTITUTION OF SUITS

  1. SUIT TO BE COMMENCED BY PLAINT—

                        (1) Every suit shall be instituted by presenting a plaint to the Court or such officer as it appoints in this behalf.

(2) Every plaint shall comply with the rules contained in Orders VI and VII, so far as they are applicable.

  1. REGISTER OF SUITS— The Court shall cause the particulars of every suit to be entered in a book to be kept for the purposes and called the resister of civil suits. Such entries shall be numbered in every year according to the order in which the plaints are admitted.

So by following the above procedure the recovery of money shall be recovered by court.